This theory, pioneered by linguist Noam Chomsky, proposes that humans are born with an innate capacity for language, a Language Acquisition Device (LAD), that guides language learning. The LAD is thought to contain universal grammar, a set of principles that govern all human languages. This innate knowledge allows children to acquire language quickly and efficiently, even without explicit instruction.
Key tenets of the nativist theory include:
* Universal grammar: All languages share a fundamental underlying structure.
* LAD: A specialized brain module for language acquisition.
* Critical period: There is a sensitive period for language learning, typically before puberty, after which language acquisition becomes more difficult.
The nativist theory is in contrast to empiricist theories, which argue that language is learned through experience and interaction with the environment.
While the nativist theory has been influential in the field of linguistics, it has also been challenged by evidence from other theories. The debate between nativist and empiricist perspectives continues to shape our understanding of language development.