this is the central message of a story, poem, novel, or play that many readers can apply to their own experiences, those all people.?

You're describing the theme of a work of art. Here's a breakdown:

Theme:

* Definition: The central idea or message that the author wants to convey to the reader.

* Universality: Themes resonate with a broad audience because they explore universal human experiences, emotions, or truths.

* Examples: Love, loss, hope, redemption, the power of nature, the struggle for identity, the consequences of choices.

How Themes Work:

* Not explicitly stated: Themes are rarely directly stated by the author. They emerge through the plot, characters, setting, symbols, and other literary devices.

* Open to interpretation: Readers can often find different interpretations of a theme based on their own life experiences and perspectives.

Here are some examples of how themes are reflected in different types of art:

* Novel: The theme of coming-of-age in "To Kill a Mockingbird" is conveyed through Scout's journey of innocence to understanding.

* Poem: The theme of loss in "The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe is communicated through the speaker's despair over his beloved Lenore.

* Play: The theme of revenge in Shakespeare's "Hamlet" is explored through Hamlet's pursuit of justice for his father's murder.

Remember: Themes are what give art its power and lasting impact. They invite us to reflect on our own lives, the human condition, and the world around us.