What was the form of most literature before novel arrived as a literary form?

Before the novel emerged as a distinct literary form, most literature existed in forms like:

Poetry: This was perhaps the most dominant form of literature for centuries. From epic poems like the *Iliad* and *Odyssey* to lyrical poems expressing personal emotions, poetry served as a primary means of storytelling, expressing ideas, and preserving cultural heritage.

Drama: Plays, both tragedies and comedies, were a popular form of entertainment and social commentary. Greek and Roman theater, for example, explored themes of human nature, morality, and social issues.

Religious Texts: Sacred scriptures, such as the Bible, the Quran, and the Vedas, played a crucial role in shaping societies and influencing literary traditions. These texts often contained narratives, poetry, and philosophical teachings.

Historical Writings: Chronicles, biographies, and accounts of historical events were valuable sources of information and shaped people's understanding of the past.

Philosophical Treatises: Works exploring ethics, metaphysics, and political thought were common, with influential figures like Plato, Aristotle, and Confucius contributing to this genre.

Epics: Long narrative poems recounting the deeds of heroes and gods, often reflecting the values and beliefs of a particular culture. Examples include *Beowulf* and *The Song of Roland*.

Folklore and Myth: Oral traditions, including folktales, myths, and legends, were passed down through generations, shaping cultural identity and beliefs.

Letters and Diaries: Personal writings, such as letters and diaries, offered insights into individual lives and provided glimpses of history and social customs.

Travelogues: Accounts of journeys and explorations, often describing different cultures and geographical landscapes.

It's important to note that these forms often overlapped and influenced each other. For example, a poem could incorporate elements of drama or historical accounts, and a play could feature mythological themes.

The rise of the novel in the 18th century marked a significant shift in literary landscape, offering new possibilities for exploring characters, plots, and the complexities of human experience. However, the literary forms that preceded it continued to evolve and influence literature even today.