1. Metaphor
* Definition: A figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using "like" or "as."
* Renaissance Example: Shakespeare's *Sonnet 18* uses a metaphor to compare his beloved to a summer's day: "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?"
2. Personification
* Definition: Giving human qualities or characteristics to inanimate objects, animals, or abstract ideas.
* Renaissance Example: In Edmund Spenser's *The Faerie Queen*, the poet personifies the virtues of chastity and courtesy, making them active and engaging characters in the epic poem.
Additional Examples:
* Simile: Comparing two unlike things using "like" or "as." (e.g., "Her voice was like a songbird's melody.")
* Hyperbole: Exaggeration for emphasis or effect. (e.g., "I've told you a million times!")
* Oxymoron: Contradictory terms used together for effect. (e.g., "deafening silence")
These are just a few examples of the many figurative language techniques that were prevalent during the Renaissance. This period saw a flourishing of creativity and innovation in language, leading to a wealth of beautiful and impactful literary works.