However, if you're asking about countries that have had significant influence in Italy throughout history, here are some key players:
* The Roman Empire: The Roman Empire, with its origins in Italy, dominated much of Europe for centuries, leaving a lasting cultural and political impact on Italy.
* The Byzantine Empire: Following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine) had a considerable cultural and religious influence on Italy, particularly in the southern regions.
* The Holy Roman Empire: The Holy Roman Empire, a loose association of German-speaking kingdoms, exerted some influence on Northern Italy for several centuries.
* Spain: During the Renaissance, Spain, particularly the Kingdom of Aragon, had a strong presence in Southern Italy, including Sicily and Naples.
* France: France has had various periods of influence in Italy, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, with notable periods of military and cultural influence.
* Austria: The Habsburg Empire, centered in Austria, held significant territories in Northern Italy for centuries, influencing Italian politics and culture.
* Great Britain: Britain played a role in Italian unification in the 19th century and later became a major economic and political partner.
* The United States: In the 20th century, the United States played a crucial role in post-war reconstruction and the Italian economic miracle.
It's important to remember that this is a simplified overview, and the history of foreign influence on Italy is complex and multifaceted.