1. Power Dynamics and Social Class: Higgins sees Eliza as a project, a "subject" in his experiment to transform her into a high-society lady. He views himself as superior, both intellectually and socially, and treats her with a condescending air. Eliza, on the other hand, resents this treatment and fights for her own agency and independence.
2. Love and Respect: While Higgins develops a strong affection for Eliza's intelligence and spirit, he initially fails to recognize her as an equal. He focuses on molding her language and mannerisms, ignoring her emotions and needs. This creates a chasm between them, preventing genuine intimacy.
3. Identity and Self-Worth: Eliza's transformation, while successful in the eyes of society, ultimately becomes a source of conflict. She realizes that her new persona is not truly her own, leaving her feeling lost and unsure of her identity. She yearns for genuine respect and acceptance, not just for her newfound social status.
4. Communication and Misunderstandings: Higgins, in his own way, demonstrates affection for Eliza, but often expresses it in a manner that is insensitive or condescending. He doesn't fully grasp the depth of her emotions and struggles, leading to misunderstandings and hurt feelings.
5. Freedom and Autonomy: Ultimately, Eliza's conflict with Higgins stems from her desire for self-determination. She wants to choose her own path in life, free from his manipulation and control. She seeks a future where she is valued for who she is, not for what she can be molded into.
Resolution: The ending of "Pygmalion" is open to interpretation. While Eliza realizes her own worth and achieves a degree of independence, the exact nature of her relationship with Higgins remains ambiguous. Some argue she chooses to remain with him, while others believe she leaves him to pursue her own life. Regardless of the outcome, the central conflict lies in Eliza's struggle for recognition, respect, and autonomy in a society that judges her based on her social class and education.