1. Facing Discrimination and Prejudice: Both groups faced significant discrimination and prejudice upon arriving in the US. They were often viewed as "undesirable" and were subject to racist stereotypes, hostility, and exclusionary policies.
2. Taking on Low-Wage Labor: Both groups were often relegated to low-wage labor jobs. Chinese immigrants were initially involved in mining, railroad construction, and agriculture, while Mexican immigrants worked in agriculture, mining, and later, manufacturing. They faced exploitative working conditions, low pay, and limited opportunities for advancement.
3. Being Targeted by Laws and Policies: Both groups were targeted by restrictive laws and policies aimed at limiting their immigration and economic mobility. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, for example, prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the US, while the Bracero Program, although meant to provide temporary labor, led to exploitation and limitations on opportunities for Mexican immigrants.
4. Creating Strong Communities and Cultural Preservation: Despite facing adversity, both groups formed strong communities and preserved their cultural traditions. They established businesses, temples, churches, and social organizations that provided support and solidarity.
5. Contributing to the US Economy and Development: Both groups contributed significantly to the US economy and development through their labor and entrepreneurial endeavors. They played a vital role in building infrastructure, expanding agriculture, and contributing to industrial growth.
6. Facing Assimilation Pressures: Both groups faced pressure to assimilate into American society. They were often encouraged to abandon their languages, customs, and traditions, and adopt a "white" American identity. This led to tensions and conflict within their communities.
7. Struggling for Equal Rights and Recognition: Both groups fought for equal rights and recognition, facing obstacles and discrimination in accessing education, housing, and other opportunities. They organized movements and protests to challenge racism and advocate for social justice.
It's important to remember that these are general observations, and individual experiences varied greatly within each group. Nonetheless, the commonalities highlight the shared struggles and resilience of these immigrant communities in the face of significant adversity.