In Canada:
* Mi'kmaq: He first encountered the Mi'kmaq in 1604 on the coast of Nova Scotia. He established a trade relationship with them and documented their culture and way of life.
* Wabanaki: A broader group that included the Mi'kmaq, Abenaki, and Penobscot, Champlain interacted with them in various locations along the Atlantic coast.
* Innu: Champlain also met the Innu (also known as Montagnais) in present-day Quebec. They were crucial allies in his explorations and helped him navigate the interior of the region.
* Huron: Champlain established a strong alliance with the Huron people in present-day Ontario. He participated in their warfare against their rivals, the Iroquois.
* Algonquin: Champlain encountered the Algonquin people in the Ottawa River region. They also became important allies in his explorations and trade ventures.
In the United States:
* Adirondack: In New York State, he had dealings with the Adirondack people, who were known for their hunting and trapping skills.
* Mohawk: He also had encounters with the Mohawk, part of the Iroquois Confederacy. These encounters often involved conflict, as the Iroquois were rivals of the Huron and Algonquin.
Champlain's relationships with Native American tribes were complex. He sought alliances for trade and exploration, but also played a role in the conflicts between different tribes. His writings and maps provide valuable insights into the lives and cultures of these Indigenous peoples.