Asia:
* Indonesia: The Dutch East India Company (VOC) established trading posts in the archipelago in the 16th century, eventually gaining control over most of the islands, making it the most important part of the Dutch Empire. This control continued until Indonesian independence in 1949.
* Sri Lanka: The Dutch controlled parts of Sri Lanka, particularly the coastal areas, from the 17th century until the British took over in the 18th century.
* Malacca (Malaysia): The Dutch briefly controlled Malacca in the 17th century before losing it to the Portuguese.
* Taiwan: The Dutch briefly controlled Taiwan (then known as Formosa) in the 17th century, but were expelled by the Ming Dynasty.
* India: The Dutch had trading posts and forts along the Coromandel Coast of India, but never controlled large territories.
* Ceylon: The Dutch held a significant presence in Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka) for over a century, primarily in the coastal regions.
Africa:
* South Africa: The Dutch established Cape Town as a supply station for their ships in the 17th century. They eventually expanded their control in the region, leading to the creation of the Cape Colony.
* Gold Coast (Ghana): The Dutch had trading posts on the Gold Coast, trading in slaves and gold.
* Angola: The Dutch briefly controlled Luanda in the 17th century, but were expelled by the Portuguese.
* Mozambique: The Dutch established trading posts in Mozambique, but never controlled large territories.
Americas:
* Suriname: Dutch Guiana, later known as Suriname, was a Dutch colony from the 17th century until its independence in 1975.
* Curaçao, Aruba, Bonaire (Caribbean): These islands were part of the Dutch West Indies, controlled from the 17th century onwards.
* New Netherland (present-day New York): The Dutch established a colony in present-day New York called New Netherland in the 17th century. They lost control of the colony to the English in 1664.
Other:
* New Guinea: The Dutch claimed and controlled part of New Guinea, known as Dutch New Guinea (later Irian Jaya), from the 17th century until it became part of Indonesia in 1969.
* Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia): The Dutch East India Company established a powerful trading presence in the archipelago, leading to the establishment of Dutch control over the islands.
It is important to note that the Dutch Empire evolved over centuries. The extent of their control and the precise boundaries of their territories changed throughout history.
Additionally, the Dutch Empire did not always involve direct colonial rule. In some cases, it was based on alliances, trading relationships, and strategic partnerships. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) played a significant role in expanding Dutch influence and acquiring colonies.