This period, spanning several centuries, is characterized by:
* A complex and sophisticated societal structure: Yoruba society was organized into city-states, each ruled by an Oba (king), who held significant power and authority. These city-states were often interconnected through trade, diplomacy, and warfare.
* A rich cultural heritage: Yoruba people developed their own unique traditions, languages, religions, and artistic expressions. This included intricate carving, bronze casting, and vibrant textiles.
* An advanced agricultural economy: Yoruba society was largely based on agriculture, particularly the cultivation of crops like yam, maize, and beans. This agricultural productivity contributed to the development of prosperous city-states.
* Active trade networks: Yoruba people engaged in extensive trade with neighboring societies, exchanging goods like salt, textiles, and slaves. They also traded with European powers like the Portuguese and British.
Key aspects of pre-colonial Yoruba society:
* The Yoruba religion: This was a complex system of beliefs, centered around deities like Obatala, Ogun, and Shango. It also included ancestor worship and divination practices.
* The Yoruba language: This is a Niger-Congo language spoken by millions of people in Nigeria and beyond. It is known for its complex grammar and rich vocabulary.
* Oral traditions and storytelling: Yoruba culture placed great importance on storytelling and oral traditions, which played a vital role in preserving history, culture, and social values.
The arrival of Europeans in the 19th century drastically altered the landscape of Yoruba society. The slave trade, colonialism, and European influence led to significant social, political, and economic changes. However, despite these changes, the pre-colonial legacy of the Yoruba people continues to be evident in their culture, language, and traditions today.