* "Hullo": This was a common greeting in the 18th and 19th centuries, thought to be a shortened form of "God be with you" or "How do you do?"
* "Halloo": This was a hunting cry used to call out to dogs or other hunters.
* "Telephone": When Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, he used "Ahoy" as a greeting, which was later replaced with "Hello" by Thomas Edison. Edison is often credited with popularizing "Hello" as the standard greeting.
So, "hello" emerged as a combination of existing greetings and the need for a clear and easily-understood phrase for use with the telephone. It stuck due to its simplicity and ease of pronunciation.