What explanation did Jespersenin 1922 favor as the likely origin of early speech?

Jespersen's 1922 book "Language: Its Nature, Development and Origin" doesn't favor a single explanation for the origin of early speech. Instead, he offered a multifaceted approach, rejecting simplistic theories and acknowledging the complex nature of the problem.

Here's a breakdown of Jespersen's perspective:

Rejection of Single-Factor Theories:

* "Bow-Wow" Theory: This theory suggests language originated from imitating animal sounds. Jespersen considered this inadequate, stating that while sounds are part of language, they don't explain its structure and complexity.

* "Pooh-Pooh" Theory: This theory claims language arose from instinctive cries of pain, fear, or surprise. Jespersen argued that while these cries are universal, they lack the intricate grammar and vocabulary found in languages.

* "Yo-He-Ho" Theory: This theory suggests language stemmed from rhythmic sounds used during physical labor. While acknowledging the role of rhythm in language, Jespersen found it insufficient to explain the development of complex grammatical structures.

Jespersen's Multifaceted Approach:

Instead of a single origin, Jespersen proposed a combination of factors contributing to early speech development:

* Natural Sounds: Jespersen recognized the importance of sounds in nature, including animal calls, the sounds of tools, and environmental sounds.

* Gestures: He believed that gestures played a significant role in early communication, emphasizing the link between physical actions and language.

* Social Interaction: Jespersen highlighted the crucial role of social interaction in language development, noting that humans have an inherent need to communicate and share experiences.

* Imitation and Learning: He stressed the importance of imitation and learning in acquiring language skills, pointing out that children learn language by observing and interacting with their environment.

Emphasis on Gradual Development:

Jespersen believed that language did not emerge suddenly but gradually evolved over time, becoming more complex and sophisticated through a process of trial and error.

Conclusion:

Jespersen's approach rejected simplistic explanations for the origin of language, arguing that it resulted from a complex interplay of factors, including sounds, gestures, social interaction, and learning. He emphasized the gradual development of language through a process of evolution and adaptation.