Formal:
* Como está hoje? (Formal, used for someone you don't know well or someone older)
* Como vai hoje? (Formal, also used for someone you don't know well or someone older)
Informal:
* E aí? Tudo bem? (Informal, used with friends or people you know well)
* Como está? (Informal, used with friends or people you know well)
* Tudo bem? (Informal, used with friends or people you know well)
In Brazil, you might also hear:
* Tudo sussa? (Informal, meaning "Everything cool?")
You can also use "Bom dia," "Boa tarde," or "Boa noite" depending on the time of day, before asking "Como está?"
For example:
* Bom dia, como está? (Good morning, how are you?)
* Boa tarde, como vai? (Good afternoon, how are you?)
* Boa noite, como está? (Good evening, how are you?)