The Punjab region has a rich and complex history, and the Punjabi language has evolved over centuries, influenced by various factors including:
* Indo-Aryan languages: The basis of Punjabi is Indo-Aryan, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
* Persian and Arabic: The Punjab region was ruled by various empires and dynasties, including the Mughals, who spoke Persian and Arabic. This led to the adoption of many Persian and Arabic loanwords into Punjabi.
* Other regional languages: Punjabi has also been influenced by other regional languages spoken in the Punjab region, such as Dogri, Kashmiri, and Hindi.
The exact origin of Punjabi is debated among linguists, but it is generally believed to have emerged as a distinct language from Prakrit dialects spoken in the Punjab region during the early centuries CE.