* Yiddish was the primary language of Jewish immigrants, primarily from Eastern Europe.
* Italian was spoken by immigrants from Italy.
* German was already well-established in America, but continued to be spoken by new German immigrants.
* Polish was spoken by immigrants from Poland.
It's important to remember that English was also spoken by many immigrants, especially those who had already been in America for some time or who were from countries where English was taught in schools. However, the languages listed above were the most common among newly arrived immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.