* Mexico:
* Mexican-American War (1846-1848): This was a major conflict over disputed territory in the Southwest, resulting in the US gaining vast new lands, including California and Texas.
* Various Border Disputes: There have been ongoing border disputes and skirmishes between the US and Mexico throughout history, particularly during the 19th century.
* Spain:
* Spanish-American War (1898): This war stemmed from Cuba's struggle for independence from Spain, with the US intervening and ultimately defeating Spain. This resulted in the US gaining control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
* Cuba:
* The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): This was a tense standoff between the US and the Soviet Union over Soviet nuclear missiles deployed in Cuba, considered one of the most dangerous moments in the Cold War. While not a direct war, it involved military buildup and the threat of nuclear conflict.
* Nicaragua:
* The Contras War (1981-1990): This involved US support for the Contras, a rebel group fighting the Sandinista government in Nicaragua. This conflict was part of the Cold War, with the US seeking to weaken Soviet influence in the region.
It's important to note that the historical context and motivations behind these conflicts are complex and nuanced. While the US has engaged in armed conflicts with several Spanish-speaking countries, it has also had periods of cooperation and collaboration.