It's not as simple as saying "Modern English came from this specific dialect", though. It's more accurate to say that Modern English is a blend of influences from various dialects of Middle English, with the East Midland dialect being the most prominent.
Here's a simplified breakdown:
* Old English (c. 450-1150 AD): This was spoken by the Anglo-Saxons and was heavily influenced by Germanic languages.
* Middle English (c. 1150-1500 AD): This period saw the Norman Conquest in 1066, leading to a significant influx of French vocabulary and grammatical changes. Various dialects existed, but the East Midland dialect (centered around London) eventually rose in prominence.
* Early Modern English (c. 1500-1800 AD): This period saw the standardization of English through the influence of the printing press and the rise of a national identity. The East Midland dialect, with its London influence, became the foundation of modern English.
So, while we can't point to a single specific dialect, the East Midland dialect is considered the strongest contributor to the language we speak today.