1. Old English: This is the language spoken in England before the Norman Conquest in 1066. It was a Germanic language, descended from the Anglo-Saxon dialects brought to Britain by Germanic tribes.
2. Old Norse: This is the language of the Vikings who invaded England in the 9th and 10th centuries. Old Norse contributed many words to English, particularly those related to navigation, warfare, and law.
3. Norman French: This was the language spoken by the Norman conquerors of England. After 1066, Norman French became the language of the court, government, and upper classes. It had a profound impact on English vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.
These three languages came together to form Middle English, which eventually evolved into the Modern English we speak today.