* England: The dominant language in England at the time of the Norman Conquest (1066) was Old English. This is the language that evolved into modern English, and while it's not mutually intelligible, it's the root of many of our words.
* Normandy: The invading Normans, hailing from Normandy in France, spoke Norman French, a dialect of Old French.
* Other languages: Within England, some communities spoke other languages, such as:
* Welsh: Spoken in Wales.
* Cornish: Spoken in Cornwall.
* Scots Gaelic: Spoken in parts of Scotland.
* Danish: Spoken in parts of Northern England (particularly areas settled by Vikings).
The Norman Conquest had a profound impact on the English language, introducing many French words and influencing grammar and pronunciation. This eventually led to the development of Middle English.