1. Old English (c. 450 - c. 1150): This period encompasses the arrival of Germanic tribes in Britain and the development of a distinct English language from their various dialects. It is characterized by its highly inflected grammar, with many word endings denoting grammatical function, and vocabulary heavily influenced by Old Norse and Latin. Examples of Old English texts include the epic poem *Beowulf* and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
2. Middle English (c. 1150 - c. 1500): This period marks the transition from Old English to Modern English, driven by the Norman Conquest of 1066. The influence of French became significant, leading to a simplification of grammar, loss of inflections, and a substantial increase in French loanwords. Famous Middle English works include *The Canterbury Tales* by Chaucer and *Sir Gawain and the Green Knight*.
3. Modern English (c. 1500 - present): This period features a relatively standardized language with the influence of the printing press and the rise of England as a global power. The language continues to evolve through new vocabulary, changes in pronunciation, and the influence of other languages, particularly through globalization and technological advancements.
It's important to note that these periods are not sharply defined and there is considerable overlap and debate among linguists about their exact boundaries and characteristics.