1. Naval Technology: The Portuguese were pioneers in developing new ship designs and sailing techniques. They created the caravel, a fast, maneuverable ship with lateen sails that could sail against the wind. This allowed them to explore the Atlantic Ocean more effectively than previous ships. They also developed advanced navigational tools like the astrolabe and compass, which helped them determine their position at sea.
2. Governmental Support: The Portuguese monarchy, particularly Prince Henry the Navigator, provided significant funding and resources for exploration. They saw the potential for economic gain through trade and the expansion of the Portuguese Empire. The royal patronage, along with the establishment of navigation schools, fostered a culture of exploration and maritime innovation.