He was born in Genoa, Italy, but spent most of his life in Portugal and Spain. He became fluent in both languages and used them extensively in his interactions with the Portuguese and Spanish courts, his crew, and the indigenous people he encountered.
It's also worth noting that:
* He likely had some knowledge of Genoese, his native tongue, but he wasn't actively writing or speaking it during his voyages.
* He might have had a limited understanding of Latin, the language of scholarship at the time.
However, Spanish and Portuguese were undoubtedly his primary languages.