Here's a breakdown:
* Proto-Indo-Aryan is the hypothetical ancestor of all the Indo-Aryan languages. It is thought to have been spoken by people who migrated to the Indian subcontinent around 1500-2000 BCE.
* Sanskrit is the most famous and historically important of the Indo-Aryan languages. It is an ancient liturgical and literary language that is still used in religious ceremonies and classical scholarship. It's not the direct ancestor of any modern language, but its influence is huge.
* Prakrit is a collective term for the languages that descended from Proto-Indo-Aryan and were spoken in the Indian subcontinent from around 500 BCE to 1000 CE. These languages were the common tongues of the people during that period and served as the basis for many of the modern languages.
* Modern Indo-Aryan Languages: These include Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Punjabi, Gujarati, Urdu, Nepali, and many others. They all descended from Prakrit languages and are spoken by a vast majority of the Indian population.
So, while there isn't a single "ancient Indo-European language" of India, Proto-Indo-Aryan stands as the common ancestor of all the Indo-Aryan languages spoken in India. These languages have evolved over centuries, giving rise to the rich linguistic diversity we see in India today.