Instead, Māori society was organized into iwi, which are tribal groups. Each iwi was further divided into hapū, which are sub-tribes or extended family groups.
Leadership within iwi and hapū was based on a complex system of hierarchy and influence. This system could involve:
* Chiefs (rangatira): These individuals held leadership positions based on their lineage, skills, and charisma. They would be involved in making decisions about land, resources, and warfare.
* Elders (kaumātua): These individuals were respected for their wisdom and experience. They often acted as advisors and played a crucial role in passing down cultural knowledge and traditions.
* War Leaders (tohunga taua): These individuals were skilled in warfare and strategizing, and they would lead their hapū or iwi in battles.
It's important to note that:
* Leadership was not always hereditary: While lineage played a role, a person's leadership was also influenced by their skills, achievements, and the support of their people.
* Leadership was shared: The roles and responsibilities of chiefs, elders, and other leaders could overlap, and they often worked together to make decisions for their iwi.
Instead of a single leader, you could say that iwi and hapū were governed by a council of elders and chiefs, who worked together to manage their affairs and represent their people.