Spiritual and Cultural:
* Whakapapa (Genealogy): This was central to their identity and understanding of the world. It connected them to their ancestors, their land, and their place in the universe.
* Mana (Prestige and Authority): A spiritual force inherent in people, places, and objects, it reflected one's standing in the community. It was gained through actions and deeds, and could be lost through wrongdoings.
* Tapu (Sacredness): This concept permeated all aspects of life, with certain objects, places, and people considered sacred and off-limits to others.
* The Gods (Atua): The Māori believed in a complex pantheon of gods, each with specific domains and roles, who influenced their lives and the natural world.
* The Spirit World (Te Po): The Māori believed in a realm of spirits where ancestors resided, and that their spirit could return to this realm after death.
* Traditional Arts and Crafts: Carving, weaving, and storytelling were essential ways of expressing their culture, preserving history, and connecting with their heritage.
Social and Political:
* Iwi (Tribe): Māori society was structured around tribes, which functioned as autonomous units with their own leaders, territories, and customs.
* Hapu (Sub-tribe): Smaller groups within a tribe, responsible for managing specific resources and land.
* Whānau (Family): The extended family was the most fundamental social unit, providing support, kinship, and continuity.
* Leadership (Chieftainship): Leaders played a crucial role in guiding their people, making decisions, and upholding customs.
Physical and Environmental:
* Land (Whenua): The Māori had a deep connection to their land, considering it a sacred gift from their ancestors. They practiced sustainable farming and fishing methods to ensure its preservation.
* Natural Resources: The forests, rivers, and oceans provided resources for food, shelter, and tools.
* Sustainability: Māori developed sustainable practices to ensure the long-term health of their environment and the availability of resources for future generations.
Other Important Aspects:
* Hospitality (Manaakitanga): Māori valued hospitality and generosity, welcoming visitors and offering food and shelter.
* Peacemaking (Hōkai): Traditional practices and rituals aimed at resolving disputes and fostering reconciliation.
* Resilience and Adaptability: Throughout their history, the Māori faced challenges and adapted to new situations, demonstrating resilience and resourcefulness.
This list highlights some of the key aspects of what was important to the Māori. Their culture was, and continues to be, a dynamic and evolving system that reflects their deep connection to the land, their ancestors, and their values.