Here's a breakdown of why:
* Latin as a lingua franca: For centuries, Latin served as a common language for communication across the Roman Empire. It was the language of administration, law, religion, education, and even commerce.
* The fall of the Roman Empire: The decline of the Roman Empire and its subsequent fragmentation led to the emergence of various regional languages. These languages, often based on the spoken dialects of different regions, evolved and gained popularity among the local populations.
* Vernacular languages gain traction: The rise of vernacular languages, such as French, Spanish, Italian, and English, provided a more accessible and natural means of communication for the majority of people.
* Latin becomes associated with elite and religious circles: As vernacular languages became dominant, Latin continued to be used in formal settings like academia, law, and the Church. This led to a perception of Latin as a language of the elite and the religious.
In summary: While other factors like the barbarian invasions and the decline of the Roman Empire played a role, the rise of vernacular languages directly led to the decline of Latin as a spoken language.
It's important to note that Latin never truly "died." It continues to be used in some contexts, such as scientific nomenclature, legal documents, and liturgical practices in the Catholic Church. However, its role as a living, everyday language faded as the vernacular tongues of Europe took center stage.