While there are other ancient writing systems, such as the Egyptian hieroglyphs, which are roughly contemporaneous, Sumerian cuneiform is considered the oldest for several reasons:
* Extensive documentation: Sumerian cuneiform has a vast body of written texts, including literature, legal documents, and administrative records, providing a rich understanding of its development and usage.
* Early decipherment: The decipherment of Sumerian cuneiform in the 19th century allowed scholars to access and analyze these texts, contributing to a deeper understanding of the language and its historical context.
* Evolutionary continuity: Sumerian cuneiform developed into Akkadian cuneiform, which was used widely throughout the ancient Near East, further demonstrating its significance and influence.
While some scholars argue that the Indus Valley script may be older, its decipherment remains an ongoing mystery, making it difficult to definitively establish its age and usage.