* Time Period: The answer will differ greatly depending on the historical period you're interested in.
* Reasons for Leaving: Scholars might have left Italy for different reasons, like political instability, religious persecution, or seeking opportunities elsewhere.
* Disciplines: Different fields of study attracted scholars to different places.
However, here are some general trends and popular destinations for migrating scholars:
Medieval Period (c. 5th - 15th Centuries):
* Byzantine Empire (Constantinople): During the early medieval period, many scholars fled the collapsing Western Roman Empire and found refuge in the flourishing Byzantine Empire, preserving and transmitting knowledge.
* Monasteries and Cathedrals: These institutions, particularly in France, Germany, and England, became centers of learning and attracted scholars from across Europe, including Italy.
Renaissance and Early Modern Period (c. 14th - 18th Centuries):
* Northern Europe: The Renaissance saw a flourishing of arts and sciences in Northern Europe, especially in countries like France, Germany, and England. Italian scholars were attracted to these centers of intellectual activity.
* Spain and Portugal: During the Age of Exploration, Spain and Portugal became major players in the world and attracted scholars interested in navigation, cartography, and other related fields.
* Other Italian Cities: Within Italy, scholars often moved between cities like Florence, Venice, and Rome, seeking patronage and opportunities for advancement.
19th and 20th Centuries:
* United States: During the 19th and 20th centuries, many Italian scholars emigrated to the United States, particularly after World War I and World War II, seeking better research opportunities and escaping political turmoil.
* Other European Countries: Scholars also migrated to other European countries like France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, often drawn to specific universities or research institutions.
To get a more specific answer, you would need to provide more context, including:
* The specific time period you're interested in.
* The type of scholars you are looking at (e.g., scientists, artists, philosophers).
* The reasons for their migration.
By providing more information, I can give you a more accurate and detailed response.