Spoken Language:
* Informal and spontaneous: Spoken language is often less formal than written language. We use contractions, slang, and even incomplete sentences.
* Context-dependent: Meaning is heavily reliant on context, body language, and intonation. We often use gestures and facial expressions to convey meaning.
* Dynamic and interactive: Spoken language is a real-time interaction. We adjust our speech based on the listener's reactions, and we can easily clarify misunderstandings.
* Prosodic features: We use intonation, stress, and rhythm to emphasize words and convey emotion.
* Filled pauses: We use filler words like "um," "like," and "you know" to give ourselves time to think.
Written Language:
* Formal and planned: Written language is typically more formal, with complete sentences, proper grammar, and careful word choice.
* Less context-dependent: Meaning is conveyed through words alone. Writers need to be clear and explicit to avoid misunderstandings.
* Static: Written language is fixed once it's written down.
* Limited prosodic features: Writing relies on punctuation and formatting to convey meaning.
* No filled pauses: Writers must use precise language and avoid unnecessary words.
Everyday Use:
* Spoken language dominates: We communicate primarily through speaking, especially in casual interactions, conversations, and informal settings.
* Written language is used for specific purposes: We write for things like emails, letters, essays, and formal communication.
* Blending of both: Even in casual conversation, we might use written language elements like acronyms or abbreviations. And in writing, we might use informal language in a friendly email.
Here are some specific examples:
* Spoken: "Hey, wanna grab some coffee later?"
* Written: "Dear [Name], I hope this email finds you well. Would you be interested in meeting for coffee sometime next week?"
* Spoken: "I'm so tired, I'm gonna crash."
* Written: "I am feeling exhausted and would like to retire to bed early tonight."
In essence, spoken language is more natural and dynamic, while written language is more formal and structured. However, these distinctions are not absolute, and the two forms of language often blend in everyday use.