* Romanticism: This era, roughly spanning from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, emphasized emotion, individualism, and the sublime in art, literature, and music. Key figures include William Wordsworth, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Franz Schubert.
* Realism: This era, emerging in the mid-19th century, focused on depicting everyday life and social issues in a realistic and objective manner. Key figures include Gustave Flaubert, Charles Dickens, and Gustave Courbet.
While these two eras influenced Modernism, it's important to note that Modernism was a reaction against some of their key tenets. Modernists sought to break free from the constraints of tradition and embrace new forms of expression.