Here's a breakdown:
Historically, the term "Bush Maori" referred to:
* Maori who lived in forested areas of New Zealand. This could include those who were actively living a traditional lifestyle, practicing subsistence hunting and gathering, or those who had retreated to the bush to avoid contact with Europeans.
* Maori who were seen as "primitive" or "un-civilized" by European settlers. This viewpoint was often used to justify land grabs and the suppression of Maori culture.
However, the term "Bush Maori" has been critiqued for:
* Perpetuating stereotypes. It paints a picture of Maori people as being isolated and backwards, ignoring the rich cultural diversity and history of Maori society.
* Ignoring the complex reasons why some Maori may have lived in the bush. This could be due to a variety of factors, including forced displacement, the desire to maintain traditional practices, or simply to escape the pressures of European colonization.
In modern usage, "Bush Maori" is generally considered outdated and offensive. It's important to use respectful language and acknowledge the diversity of the Maori people.
Instead of "Bush Maori," it's better to use terms like:
* Maori (this is the most respectful and inclusive term)
* Rural Maori
* Maori who lived in forested areas
It's crucial to be mindful of the language we use and to avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes.