1. Fate vs. Free Will: A central conflict in the play is the struggle between Oedipus's destiny, as revealed by the Oracle, and his own attempts to control his life. Does he have free will, or is his fate predetermined? This question is explored through Oedipus's attempts to escape his prophesied fate, ultimately leading him to fulfill it.
2. The Nature of Knowledge: The play explores the consequences of seeking knowledge, particularly about oneself. Oedipus's relentless pursuit of truth leads him to a devastating realization about his own past and the horrifying crimes he has committed. The play raises questions about the burden of knowledge and whether it is truly a blessing or a curse.
3. Pride and Hubris: Oedipus's arrogance and self-confidence, his hubris, contribute significantly to his downfall. His refusal to accept the possibility of his own guilt and his insistence on controlling his own destiny ultimately lead to his tragic fate. The play serves as a warning against excessive pride and the dangers of believing oneself to be above the gods or the laws of nature.
4. The Power of the Past: The play emphasizes the enduring power of the past and the ways in which it shapes the present. Oedipus's actions are driven by his past, both his own and the history of his family, and his eventual downfall is a consequence of his attempts to escape this past.
5. The Nature of Justice: The play explores the concept of justice, both divine and human. Oedipus's punishment for his crimes is both tragic and necessary, highlighting the need for justice and the complex relationship between individual responsibility and the consequences of one's actions.
6. The Importance of Family: Family plays a crucial role in Oedipus's story, both in terms of his love for his family and his tragic discovery of their secrets. The play explores the complexities of family relationships and the consequences of familial betrayal and incest.
7. The Power of the Gods: While the play explores free will, it also highlights the power of the gods and their role in shaping human destiny. The Oracle's prophecies and the actions of the gods, particularly Apollo, significantly influence Oedipus's fate.
Overall, the theme of *Oedipus Rex* is the struggle between human will and fate, the pursuit of knowledge, the dangers of pride, and the consequences of past actions. It is a timeless and universal story that continues to resonate with audiences today.