What was the main conflict in book that then this is now?

The main conflict in "That Was Then, This Is Now" by S.E. Hinton is the struggle between loyalty and self-preservation, as seen through the relationship between Ponyboy Curtis and his best friend, Johnny Cade.

Here's a breakdown:

* Loyalty vs. Self-preservation: Ponyboy and Johnny are deeply loyal to their gang, the Greasers, even though they realize their actions are often wrong and dangerous. They are constantly caught between wanting to protect their friends and wanting to escape the violence and danger that comes with their lifestyle.

* Personal vs. Group Identity: Ponyboy is torn between his desire to be accepted by the Greasers and his yearning for a different, more peaceful life. He struggles to define his own identity within the confines of his gang membership.

* The Conflict with the Socs: The rivalry between the Greasers and the Socs, a wealthy and privileged group, is a constant source of conflict. The animosity between the two groups leads to violence and tragedy, forcing Ponyboy and Johnny to make difficult choices.

The climax of the novel revolves around the tragic death of Johnny, who is forced to kill a Soc in self-defense. This event highlights the destructive nature of the gang rivalry and the consequences of choosing loyalty over self-preservation.

In the end, Ponyboy learns that true loyalty and friendship can coexist with the need for self-preservation. He realizes that he can remain true to his friends while also pursuing a better life for himself.