Florence:
* The Medici Family: This wealthy and powerful family dominated Florence for centuries, influencing its political, economic, and cultural landscape. Notable figures include:
* Cosimo de' Medici (1389-1464): Founder of the Medici dynasty's political and cultural influence.
* Lorenzo the Magnificent (1449-1492): Grandson of Cosimo, patron of the arts and a key figure in the High Renaissance.
Milan:
* The Visconti Family: This family ruled Milan for much of the 14th century.
* The Sforza Family: This family gained power in Milan in the mid-15th century and remained influential for nearly a century.
* Francesco Sforza (1401-1466): Founder of the Sforza dynasty in Milan.
* Ludovico Sforza (1452-1508): Known as "Il Moro," he patronized Leonardo da Vinci and other artists.
Venice:
* The Doge: The elected head of state in Venice, a position that served as a figurehead rather than a monarch with absolute power.
* The Council of Ten: A powerful council that oversaw Venetian affairs, including foreign policy and law enforcement.
* The Merchant Class: Venice was renowned for its maritime trade and its wealthy merchant class played a significant role in shaping the city's political and economic landscape.
Other City-States:
* The Papal States: Led by the Pope, who resided in Rome, wielding considerable political and religious power.
* Naples: Ruled by various monarchs, including the Aragonese dynasty, who often struggled to maintain control over their kingdom.
* Genoa: Another powerful maritime republic, ruled by a complex system of elected officials and oligarchies.
It's important to note that these city-states were constantly shifting in power and influence, with periods of conflict and alliances between them. There was no single leader or group who "led" the entire Italian Renaissance. Instead, it was a collaborative effort of various individuals, families, and institutions that contributed to the flourishing of art, literature, and intellectual thought throughout the Italian peninsula.