* Norse Mythology: The figure of Odin, the god of the hunt and wisdom, was often depicted with a long white beard and riding a white horse. He would travel with his eight-legged steed, Sleipnir, during the Yule season, bringing gifts to the good and punishment to the bad. This imagery directly influenced the Jultomten.
* Folklore: The Nisse (or Tomte), a household spirit from Scandinavian folklore, is believed to have contributed significantly to the Jultomten image. Nisse were small, mischievous creatures that lived in barns and cared for livestock. During Yule, they were thought to reward good behaviour with gifts and punish bad behaviour. This association with gifts and morality solidified the link between the Nisse and the future Jultomten.
* Christian Tradition: The story of Saint Nicholas, the patron saint of children and sailors, spread throughout Europe and was particularly popular in Scandinavia. Saint Nicholas was known for his generosity and gift-giving, especially to the poor and needy. This connection to gift-giving and charity further enriched the Jultomten's image.
* 19th Century Literature: The 19th century saw the rise of Christmas stories and poems, which often featured figures resembling Santa Claus. These literary creations, influenced by the aforementioned traditions, helped solidify the image of Jultomten as we know him today.
In essence, the Jultomten is a unique blend of Norse mythology, Scandinavian folklore, and Christian tradition. He embodies the spirit of generosity, reward, and magic associated with the Yule season.