Formal:
* Immigrant: This is the most common and neutral term.
* Foreign-born resident: This emphasizes their origin and current residency.
* Naturalized citizen: This refers specifically to someone who has legally obtained citizenship in the country they settled in.
Informal:
* Expat: This term often implies a person who is living abroad for a temporary period, but it can also be used for someone who has settled permanently.
* Newcomer: This is a general term for someone who is new to a place.
* Foreigner: This can be considered a neutral term, but it can sometimes have negative connotations depending on the context.
Specific to the country:
* In the United States: "Immigrant" is the most common and generally preferred term.
* In the United Kingdom: "Immigrant" is also common, but "migrant" is sometimes used.
Other considerations:
* The person's motivation for settling: "Refugee," "asylum seeker," or "economic migrant" are examples of terms that describe specific reasons for moving.
* The person's length of residence: "Long-term resident" or "permanent resident" might be used to distinguish someone who has lived in the country for a long time.
Ultimately, the best term to use depends on the specific context and the speaker's intentions.