Formal:
* Bey: Used after a man's name, similar to "Mr." in English. (Example: Mehmet Bey)
* Hanım: Used after a woman's name, similar to "Ms." or "Mrs." in English. (Example: Ayşe Hanım)
* Efendim: A general term of respect, similar to "Sir" or "Madam" in English. It can be used alone or followed by a name. (Example: Efendim, or Ali Efendim)
* Sayın: Meaning "respected," used before a person's name or title. (Example: Sayın Başbakan, meaning "Respected Prime Minister")
* Hocam: Used for teachers, professors, or other respected figures, similar to "Professor" or "Master" in English. (Example: Ahmet Hocam)
Informal:
* Abi: Used for older brothers or men who are older than you, similar to "bro" or "mate" in English.
* Abla: Used for older sisters or women who are older than you, similar to "sis" or "mate" in English.
Other:
* Doktor: Used for doctors.
* Profesör: Used for professors.
* Mühendis: Used for engineers.
Important Notes:
* Using honorifics is crucial in Turkish culture. Not using them when appropriate can be seen as rude or disrespectful.
* It's common to use honorifics with first names, even when you are well acquainted with someone.
* The use of honorifics can vary depending on region, social context, and the age of the person being addressed.
It's always good to be mindful of these nuances and ask a native speaker for advice if you are unsure.