1. Spanish Origin:
* Most likely: The most accepted theory links the word to the Spanish word "zarabanda", meaning "wild, unrestrained dance". This term is likely derived from the Arabic word "zaraband", which could refer to a type of dance or a type of musical instrument.
* Evolution: This Spanish term then possibly evolved into "sarabande" in the French language.
* Connection to dance: The word "zarabanda" itself referred to a lively, sometimes provocative dance in Spain, often associated with sailors and gypsies.
2. Other Theories:
* "Zara-band" or "Zare-band": Some suggest a connection to the Persian "Zara-band" or "Zare-band", meaning "gold band" or "golden belt". This is based on the association of gold with luxury and entertainment, but lacks concrete evidence.
* "Zarabanda" as a musical instrument: It's also theorized that "zarabanda" might have originally referred to a type of percussion instrument, possibly similar to the tambourine.
3. Spreading across Europe:
* French influence: The "sarabande" dance gained popularity in France during the 17th century, and the word itself became a standard term for this dance form.
* Classical music: The sarabande became an essential movement in Baroque suites and sonatas, composed by renowned composers like Bach, Handel, and Purcell.
In conclusion:
The exact etymology of "sarabande" remains somewhat unclear, but the most plausible explanation is that it originates from the Spanish word "zarabanda," which itself is potentially rooted in Arabic. This word originally referred to a wild, unrestrained dance in Spain, and its meaning evolved to describe the specific musical form and dance known as the sarabande.