Formal:
* Вы больны. (Vy bol'ny.) - This is the most formal and direct way to say "you are sick."
* У вас болезнь. (U vas bolezny.) - This means "You have an illness."
Informal:
* Ты болен. (Ty bolen.) - This is the informal way to say "you are sick" to someone you know well.
* У тебя болезнь. (U tebya bolezny.) - This means "You have an illness."
* Ты болеешь. (Ty boleesh.) - This means "You are getting sick."
More colloquial:
* Ты нездоров. (Ty nezdorov.) - This means "You are unwell."
* Ты приболел. (Ty pribolel.) - This means "You are slightly ill."
Note: The word "болен" (bolen) is masculine. For women, use "больна" (bol'na).
The best way to choose the right phrase is to consider who you are talking to and the situation.