1. Your Relationship with the Person:
* Formal:
* Mr./Ms./Mrs. + Last Name + -san: This is the most common and polite form for strangers, colleagues, and people you respect. For example, "Tanaka-san" for Mr./Ms. Tanaka.
* -sensei: Used for teachers, doctors, and other professionals. For example, "Yamada-sensei" for Teacher Yamada.
* -sama: This is the most respectful title and often used for superiors, customers, or important guests. For example, "Okamura-sama" for Mr./Ms. Okamura.
* Informal:
* First Name + -chan: Used for young girls or close female friends.
* First Name + -kun: Used for young boys or close male friends.
* First Name + -san: Used for close friends and family members, usually with people you know well.
* First Name + -san: Used for close friends and family members, usually with people you know well.
* First Name only: This is the most informal way to address someone, usually used among close friends.
2. Age and Gender:
* Older people: Always use a formal title, even if you are close to them.
* Younger people: You can be more informal, but it's always better to err on the side of politeness, especially when first meeting someone.
3. Context:
* Business settings: Always use formal titles.
* Casual settings: You can be more informal, but be mindful of the age and gender of the person you are addressing.
Here are some examples of how to address someone in Japanese:
* Formal:
* "Tanaka-san, konnichiwa." (Good afternoon, Mr./Ms. Tanaka.)
* "Sensei, ohayou gozaimasu." (Good morning, Teacher.)
* "Okamura-sama, yoroshiku onegai shimasu." (Pleased to meet you, Mr./Ms. Okamura.)
* Informal:
* "Michiko-chan, konnichiwa." (Good afternoon, Michiko.)
* "Taro-kun, doumo." (Thanks, Taro.)
* "Keiko-san, genki?" (How are you, Keiko?)
* "Ken, konban wa." (Good evening, Ken.)
Important Tips:
* Always use a title when addressing someone for the first time.
* Use respectful language and avoid using slang or casual expressions.
* Be aware of the age and gender of the person you are addressing.
* If you are unsure how to address someone, ask a friend or colleague for advice.
By following these guidelines, you can ensure that you are addressing people in a respectful and appropriate way.