What is a Russian cooperative called?

There isn't a specific, unique term for a Russian cooperative. The word "cooperative" translates directly as "кооператив" (kooperativ) in Russian.

However, there are different types of cooperatives in Russia, each with its own specific name:

* Consumer cooperative: Потребительская кооперация (Potrebitel'skaya kooperatsiya)

* Production cooperative: Производственный кооператив (Proizvodstvennyy kooperativ)

* Agricultural cooperative: Сельскохозяйственный кооператив (Sel'skokhozyaystvennyy kooperativ)

* Housing cooperative: Жилищный кооператив (Zhilishchnyy kooperativ)

You can also use more generic terms like "кооперативное общество" (kooperativnoe obshchestvo) or "кооперативное движение" (kooperativnoe dvizhenie) to refer to cooperatives in general.

The specific name would depend on the context and the type of cooperative you are referring to.