Formal:
* Foreign national: This is the most formal and neutral term.
* Alien: This term is often used in legal contexts and can be seen as negative or dehumanizing.
* Non-national: This term is less common but accurate.
* Immigrant: This term is used for someone who has moved to a new country to live permanently.
* Expatriate: This term is used for someone who lives in a country other than their native country.
Informal:
* Foreigner: This is a common term but can sometimes be seen as derogatory.
* International: This is a more neutral term that emphasizes the person's global perspective.
* Visitor: This term is used for someone who is in a country for a short period of time.
* Tourist: This term is used for someone who is visiting a country for pleasure.
Specific to nationality:
* Frenchman/Frenchwoman: This would be used for someone from France.
* Japanese citizen: This would be used for someone who holds Japanese citizenship.
The best word to use depends on the context and the speaker's intent. It's important to be mindful of the connotations of different words and to use language that is respectful and inclusive.