Direct Derivatives:
* Saline: Meaning containing salt or having a salty taste.
* Salify: To convert into a salt (specifically in chemistry).
* Saliferous: Producing or containing salt.
* Salty: Having a taste of salt.
* Saltish: Slightly salty.
* Saltiness: The quality of being salty.
* Saltpeter: A naturally occurring mineral used in gunpowder, formerly called "saltpetre".
* Saltwort: A type of plant that can grow in salty soil.
Figurative Derivatives:
* Salt of the earth: A good, honest, and reliable person.
* To take something with a grain of salt: To not believe something completely, to be skeptical.
* To be worth one's salt: To be competent and capable.
* To be salted away: To be stored or saved for later use.
Words related to salt's chemical properties:
* Halite: The mineral form of salt (sodium chloride).
* Halophile: An organism that thrives in high-salt environments.
* Halo: A circle of light around the sun or moon, often caused by ice crystals in the atmosphere (indirectly related as "halo" comes from the Greek "halos" meaning salt).
This is not an exhaustive list, as the word "salt" has influenced various aspects of language throughout history.