1. Authenticity and Immersion:
* Cultural Preservation: By directly incorporating Igbo words, Achebe aimed to preserve and celebrate the rich cultural heritage of his people. He resisted the colonial tendency to impose English as the sole language of expression, showing that Igbo language and culture have their own inherent value.
* Reader Immersion: The inclusion of Igbo words creates a more authentic and immersive experience for the reader. It allows the reader to step into the world of the novel and experience it through the eyes of the Igbo characters.
* Representation: The use of Igbo words is a direct challenge to the Eurocentric bias of literature, where English often dominates the narrative. Achebe wanted to ensure that Igbo voices and perspectives were heard.
2. Literary Effect:
* Creating a Distinct Voice: Untranslated words add to the unique and distinctive voice of the novel. They distinguish it from the typical English-language novels and create a sense of individuality.
* Adding Depth and Complexity: Igbo words often have a rich history and cultural significance that cannot be fully captured in translation. By using the original words, Achebe allows the reader to experience a deeper understanding of the characters, their beliefs, and their cultural context.
* Illustrating Cultural Nuances: Certain concepts or emotions might not have direct equivalents in English. Using Igbo words allows Achebe to capture these nuances and express them more accurately.
3. Political Statement:
* Challenging Colonialism: By using Igbo words, Achebe subverted the linguistic hegemony of English imposed during the colonial era. He challenged the idea that English was the only language capable of expressing complex ideas and emotions.
* Asserting Cultural Independence: The use of untranslated words is a symbol of Igbo cultural independence and resistance to colonial domination. It signifies the power of language and its ability to shape identity and self-determination.
Example: In "Things Fall Apart," Achebe uses words like "chi" (personal god), "ofo" (sacred staff), and "obi" (men's house). These words are integral to understanding the Igbo worldview and are not easily replaceable with English equivalents.
Conclusion:
Achebe's use of untranslated Igbo words is not merely a stylistic choice; it's a deliberate act of cultural preservation, literary innovation, and political resistance. It enriches his novels, immerses the reader in Igbo culture, and challenges the dominant power dynamics in literature.