1. A doctrine, belief, or system of thought:
* Capitalism: An economic system based on private ownership.
* Buddhism: A religion based on the teachings of Buddha.
* Idealism: A philosophical belief in the importance of ideas and values.
2. A characteristic, manner, or style:
* Heroism: The quality of being heroic.
* Chauvinism: Excessive patriotism.
* Modernism: A style of art, literature, or architecture reflecting modern ideas and trends.
3. A practice or activity:
* Tourism: The activity of traveling for pleasure.
* Journalism: The activity of gathering and reporting news.
* Sportsmanship: The ethical behavior of athletes.
4. An addiction or compulsion:
* Alcoholism: Addiction to alcohol.
* Kleptomania: An uncontrollable urge to steal.
It's important to note that:
* "-ism" can sometimes have a negative connotation, implying a rigid or dogmatic system of belief. For example, "racism" and "sexism."
* The meaning of "-ism" can be nuanced and specific to the word it is attached to.
Overall, "-ism" is a versatile suffix that can express a wide range of ideas and concepts.