* Transparent: They are not supposed to add their own interpretation or bias to the text. Instead, they should act as a clear window, allowing the reader to see the original meaning directly.
* Accurate: The translation should be as close as possible to the original, capturing the nuances and subtleties of the language.
* Faithful: The translator should remain true to the author's intentions and not distort the message.
However, the metaphor also has limitations:
* Oversimplification: It suggests a passive role for the translator, neglecting the complex cognitive processes involved in translation. Translators need to make choices about vocabulary, grammar, and cultural references, and their own background and understanding inevitably influences the translation.
* Illusion of perfect translation: Even with the best intentions, complete transparency is impossible. Languages are inherently different, and some nuances will always be lost in translation.
* Ignoring cultural context: The metaphor ignores the role of cultural understanding in translation. Translators need to be aware of the cultural context of both the source and target languages to make informed decisions.
Therefore, while the "clear lens" metaphor offers a useful starting point, it's crucial to acknowledge its limitations and recognize that translation is a more nuanced and dynamic process than this metaphor suggests.
Here are some alternative metaphors that better capture the complexities of translation:
* Bridge: A translator builds a bridge between two cultures and languages.
* Interpreter: A translator acts as an interpreter, explaining the meaning of the source text in the target language.
* Mediator: A translator mediates between the author and the reader, facilitating understanding between different cultures.
Ultimately, the best metaphor for translation depends on the specific context and the translator's personal approach.