For asking about a reason:
* Bakit? (Why?) - This is the most common and direct translation.
* Paano nangyari? (How did it happen?)
* Ano ang dahilan? (What is the reason?)
* Ano ang pangyayari? (What happened?)
For expressing surprise or disbelief:
* Paano nangyari 'yun? (How did that happen?)
* Talaga? (Really?)
* Bakit ganun? (Why is that?)
* Hindi ko maintindihan. (I don't understand.)
The best translation depends on the specific situation and the tone you want to convey.