1. As a preposition:
* sans: This is the most common translation and is used for most situations.
* Example: "Il est sorti sans parapluie." (He went out without an umbrella.)
2. As an adjective:
* sans: This is also used as an adjective meaning "without" or "lacking".
* Example: "Ce gâteau est sans gluten." (This cake is gluten-free.)
3. To express a lack or absence:
* ne...pas: This is used with a verb to express the absence of something.
* Example: "Je ne veux pas de café." (I don't want coffee.)
4. To emphasize a negative:
* nullement: This translates to "not at all" or "in no way".
* Example: "Je ne suis nullement intéressé." (I am not at all interested.)
5. For formal or literary contexts:
* dépourvu de: This means "deprived of" or "lacking".
* Example: "Il est dépourvu de talent." (He is lacking talent.)
The best translation will depend on the specific situation and the intended meaning.