Online Tools:
* Free online dictionaries:
* WordReference: Provides translations and examples, but might not be specific to Old English.
* Oxford English Dictionary (OED): Includes historical information and entries for Old English words.
* Specialized Old English Dictionaries:
* Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Comprehensive resource, but not free.
* Dictionary of Old English: A more modern dictionary, but also not free.
* The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Includes Old English entries.
Software:
* Software for Old English analysis:
* WordHoard: This free software provides access to a massive corpus of Old English texts and tools for analysis.
Books:
* Old English Dictionaries (physical):
* Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (mentioned above):
* Dictionary of Old English (mentioned above):
* Textbooks and Guides:
* An Introduction to Old English by Bruce Mitchell and Fred C. Robinson: A classic textbook.
* The Norton Anthology of English Literature (Vol. 1): Includes Old English texts with translations.
For specific needs:
* Academic research: Consult scholars and experts in Old English.
* Literary analysis: Look for annotated editions of Old English texts, often available from publishers like Penguin Classics.
Tips for choosing:
* Consider your skill level: If you're a beginner, a basic online dictionary or textbook might be sufficient. If you're more advanced, you might want to invest in a more comprehensive dictionary or software.
* Think about your purpose: Are you translating for personal interest, academic research, or something else? This will help you narrow down your options.
Keep in mind that translating Old English is a challenging task! It's best to use multiple resources and compare translations to get the most accurate and nuanced results.