1. Present Participle: This is the most common use of "-ing". It indicates the ongoing action of a verb. For example:
* Running: The action of running is happening now.
* Singing: The action of singing is happening now.
* Walking: The action of walking is happening now.
2. Gerund: A gerund is a verb that acts as a noun. It also uses the "-ing" ending. For example:
* Swimming is my favorite activity. (Swimming is the subject of the sentence)
* I enjoy reading. (Reading is the object of the verb "enjoy")
3. Adjective: In some cases, "-ing" can be used to form adjectives that describe something that is causing a certain feeling or action. For example:
* Amazing: Something that causes amazement.
* Shocking: Something that causes shock.
* Interesting: Something that causes interest.
4. Noun: Some "-ing" words are nouns that refer to an activity or a product. For example:
* Building: A structure.
* Painting: A work of art.
* Meeting: A gathering of people.
5. Other Uses:
* In the name of some places: "England", "Scotland", "Hong Kong"
* In some compound words: "Anything", "something", "anything"
It's important to understand the context of the word to determine the specific meaning of "-ing".